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Elective cesarean delivery plus short-course lamivudine and zidovudine for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1.

Author(s): Panburana P, Sirinavin S, Phuapradit W, Vibhagool A, Chantratita W

Affiliation(s): Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.

Publication date & source: 2004-03, Am J Obstet Gynecol., 190(3):803-8.

Publication type: Clinical Trial

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of elective cesarean delivery plus a lamivudine-zidovudine prophylaxis regimen on non-breastfeeding mothers with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and their infants. STUDY DESIGN: Forty-six antiretroviral-naive, pregnant women with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 were included. The prophylactic regimen was a lamivudine-zidovudine tablet (150 mg/300 mg) twice daily from week 34 of pregnancy until cesarean delivery at week 38 of gestation, preoperative intravenous zidovudine, and neonatal zidovudine syrup for 4 weeks. RESULTS: At weeks 34 and 38 of gestation, the median maternal viral loads were, respectively, 3.65 log(10) copies/mL (range, 2.34-4.70 log(10) copies/mL) and 2.51 log(10) copies/mL (range, 2.04-3.66 log(10) copies/mL; P<.001), respectively; the viral reduction was 1.12 log(10) copies/mL (range, -0.16-2.60 log(10) copies/mL), and the CD4(+) cell counts increased from 335 cells/mm(3) (range, 57-974 cells/mm(3)) to 420 cells/mm(3) (range, 84-1,083 cells/mm(3); P=.002). No mother or infant had a serious adverse event. Two infants were infected (4.3%; 95% CI, 0.5%-15.7%); 1 infant had intrapartum infection. CONCLUSION: Elective cesarean delivery plus short-course lamivudine-zidovudine is safe but does not eliminate mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1.

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