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Twice daily N-acetylcysteine 600 mg for exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (PANTHEON): a randomised, double-blind placebo-controlled trial.

Author(s): Zheng JP(1), Wen FQ(2), Bai CX(3), Wan HY(4), Kang J(5), Chen P(6), Yao WZ(7), Ma LJ(8), Li X(9), Raiteri L(10), Sardina M(10), Gao Y(1), Wang BS(11), Zhong NS(12); PANTHEON study group.

Affiliation(s): Author information: (1)State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China. (2)West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. (3)Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. (4)Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. (5)First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China. (6)Shenyang PLA General Hospital, Shenyang, China. (7)Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China. (8)Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China. (9)Hainan Zambon Pharmaceutical, Beijing, China. (10)Innovation & Medical Sciences Department, Zambon, Bresso, Milan, Italy. (11)MedKey Med-Tec Development, Shanghai, China. (12)State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China. Electronic address: nanshan@vip.163.com.

Publication date & source: 2014, Lancet Respir Med. , 2(3):187-94

BACKGROUND: Increased oxidative stress and inflammation has a role in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Drugs with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, such as N-acetylcysteine, might provide a useful therapeutic approach for COPD. We aimed to assess whether N-acetylcysteine could reduce the rate of exacerbations in patients with COPD. METHODS: In our prospective, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study, we enrolled patients aged 40-80 years with moderate-to-severe COPD (post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s [FEV1]/forced vital capacity <0·7 and FEV1 of 30-70% of predicted) at 34 hospitals in China. We stratified patients according to use of inhaled corticosteroids (regular use or not) at baseline and randomly allocated them to receive N-acetylcysteine (one 600 mg tablet, twice daily) or matched placebo for 1 year. The primary endpoint was the annual exacerbation rate in patients who received at least one dose of study drug and had at least one assessment visit after randomisation. This study is registered with the Chinese Clinical Trials Registry, ChiCTR-TRC-09000460. FINDINGS: Between June 25, 2009, and Dec 29, 2010, we screened 1297 patients, of whom 1006 were eligible for randomisation (504 to N-acetylcysteine and 502 to placebo). After 1 year, we noted 497 acute exacerbations in 482 patients in the N-acetylcysteine group who received at least one dose and had at least one assessment visit (1·16 exacerbations per patient-year) and 641 acute exacerbations in 482 patients in the placebo group (1·49 exacerbations per patient-year; risk ratio 0·78, 95% CI 0·67-0·90; p=0·0011). N-acetylcysteine was well tolerated: 146 (29%) of 495 patients who received at least one dose of N-acetylcysteine had adverse events (48 serious), as did 130 (26%) of 495 patients who received at least one dose of placebo (46 serious). The most common serious adverse event was acute exacerbation of COPD, occurring in 32 (6%) of 495 patients in the N-acetylcysteine group and 36 (7%) of 495 patients in the placebo group. INTERPRETATION: Our findings show that in Chinese patients with moderate-to-severe COPD, long-term use of N-acetylcysteine 600 mg twice daily can prevent exacerbations, especially in disease of moderate severity. Future studies are needed to explore efficacy in patients with mild COPD (GOLD I). FUNDING: Hainan Zambon Pharmaceutical.

Erratum in Lancet Respir Med. 2014 Apr;2(4):e4.

Page last updated: 2014-12-01

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