Brands, Medical Use, Clinical Data
Drug Category
- Trypanocidal Agents
- Antiprotozoal Agents
- Antifungal Agents
Dosage Forms
Brands / Synonyms
4, 4'-Diamidinodiphenoxypentane; Nebupent; Pentacarinat; Pentam; Pentam 300; Pentamide; Pentamidine Isethionate; Pneumopent
; PNT
Indications
For the treatment of pneumonia due to Pneumocystis carinii.
Pharmacology
Pentamidine is an antiprotozoal agent. It is an aromatic diamidine, and is known to have activity against Pneumocystis carinii. The exact nature of its antiprotozoal action is unknown. in vitro studies with mammalian tissues and the protozoan Crithidia oncopelti indicate that the drug interferes with nuclear metabolism producing inhibition of the synthesis of DNA, RNA, phospholipids and proteins. Little is known about the drug's pharmacokinetics. The medication is also useful in Leishmaniasis and in prophylaxis against sleeping sickness caused by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense. Hydration before treatment lessens the incidence and severity of side effects, which include liver or kidney dysfunction, hypertension, hypotension, hypoglycemia, hypocalemia, leukopenia, thrombcytopenia, anemia, and allergic reaction. It is generally well-tolerated.
Mechanism of Action
The mode of action of pentamidine is not fully understood. It is thought that the drug interferes with nuclear metabolism producing inhibition of the synthesis of DNA, RNA, phospholipids, and proteins.
Absorption
Absorbed poorly through the gastrointestinal tract and is usually administered parenterally.
Toxicity
Symptoms of overdose include pain, nausea, anorexia, hypotension, fever, rash, bad taste in mouth, confusion/hallucinations, dizziness, and diarrhea.
Biotrnasformation / Drug Metabolism
Hepatic.
Contraindications
Once the diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia has been firmly established, there are no absolute
contraindications to the use of pentamidine isethionate.
Drug Interactions
Not Available
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