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Cefuroxime Injection (Cefuroxime Sodium Injection) - Summary

 
 



SUMMARY

Adults

Cefuroxime for Injection USP and Dextrose Injection USP is a sterile, nonpyrogenic, single use, packaged combination of Cefuroxime Sodium USP (crystalline) and Dextrose Injection USP (diluent) in the DUPLEX sterile container. The DUPLEX Container is a flexible dual chamber container. The drug chamber is filled with sterile crystalline Cefuroxime for Injection USP, a semisynthetic, broad-spectrum, cephalosporin antibiotic for parenteral administration.

Cefuroxime for Injection USP and Dextrose Injection USP is indicated for the treatment of patients with infections caused by susceptible strains of the designated organisms in the following diseases:

  • 1. Lower Respiratory Tract Infections, including pneumonia, caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae (including ampicillin-resistant strains), Klebsiella spp., Staphylococcus aureus (penicillinase- and non-penicillinase-producing strains), Streptococcus pyogenes, and Escherichia coli.
  • 2. Urinary Tract Infections caused by Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp.
  • 3. Skin and Skin-Structure Infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus (penicillinase- and non-penicillinase-producing strains), Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., and Enterobacter spp.
  • 4. Septicemia caused by Staphylococcus aureus (penicillinase- and non-penicillinase-producing strains), Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae (including ampicillin-resistant strains), and Klebsiella spp.
  • 5. Meningitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae (including ampicillin-resistant strains), Neisseria meningitidis, and Staphylococcus aureus (penicillinase- and non-penicillinase-producing strains).
  • 6. Gonorrhea: Uncomplicated and disseminated gonococcal infections due to Neisseria gonorrhoeae (penicillinase- and non-penicillinase-producing strains) in both males and females.
  • 7. Bone and Joint Infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus (penicillinase-and non-penicillinase producing strains).

Clinical microbiological studies in skin and skin-structure infections frequently reveal the growth of susceptible strains of both aerobic and anaerobic organisms. Cefuroxime has been used successfully in these mixed infections in which several organisms have been isolated.

In certain cases of confirmed or suspected gram-positive or gram-negative sepsis or in patients with other serious infections in which the causative organism has not been identified, cefuroxime may be used concomitantly with an aminoglycoside (see PRECAUTIONS). The recommended doses of both antibiotics may be given depending on the severity of the infection and the patient's condition.

To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of Cefuroxime for Injection USP and Dextrose Injection USP and other antibacterial drugs, Cefuroxime for Injection USP and Dextrose Injection USP should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by susceptible bacteria. When culture and susceptibility information are available, they should be considered in selecting or modifying antibacterial therapy. In the absence of such data, local epidemiology and susceptibility patterns may contribute to the empiric selection of therapy.

Prevention

The preoperative prophylactic administration of Cefuroxime for Injection USP and Dextrose Injection USP may prevent the growth of susceptible disease-causing bacteria and thereby may reduce the incidence of certain postoperative infections in patients undergoing surgical procedures (e.g., vaginal hysterectomy) that are classified as clean-contaminated or potentially contaminated procedures. Effective prophylactic use of antibiotics in surgery depends on the time of administration. Cefuroxime for Injection USP and Dextrose Injection USP should usually be given one-half to 1 hour before the operation to allow sufficient time to achieve effective antibiotic concentrations in the wound tissues during the procedure. The dose should be repeated intraoperatively if the surgical procedure is lengthy.

Prophylactic administration is usually not required after the surgical procedure ends and should be stopped within 24 hours. In the majority of surgical procedures, continuing prophylactic administration of any antibiotic does not reduce the incidence of subsequent infections but will increase the possibility of adverse reactions and the development of bacterial resistance.

The perioperative use of Cefuroxime for Injection USP and Dextrose Injection USP has also been effective during open heart surgery for surgical patients in whom infections at the operative site would present a serious risk. For these patients it is recommended that cefuroxime therapy be continued for at least 48 hours after the surgical procedure ends. If an infection is present, specimens for culture should be obtained for the identification of the causative organism, and appropriate antimicrobial therapy should be instituted.


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NEWS HIGHLIGHTS

Published Studies Related to Cefuroxime Injection

[Will intracameral cefuroxime become the new standard in endophthalmitis prevention?] [2008.11]
BACKGROUND: Several studies investigating the antibiotic prophylaxis of acute postoperative endophthalmitis provide very different results concerning the incidence and prophylaxis of this very severe complication of cataract surgery. For a long time the preoperative use of povidione-iodine had been the only procedure with overall acceptance and proven benefit. Following findings in Sweden that supported the advantages of the use of intracameral cefuroxime, the European Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgeons (ESCRS) performed a study to confirm the Swedish results and to lead to a revision of ESCRS guidelines... CONCLUSION: Intracameral injection of cefuroxime reduces the risk of postoperative infectious endophthalmitis following phacoemulsification cataract surgery. Additional risk factors are the use of CCI and silicon based IOL implants.

Randomized, multicentre, comparative clinical evaluation of cefuroxime-sulbactam versus amoxicillin-clavulanic acid therapy in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections. [2008.11]
This randomized, multicentre, comparative study evaluated the efficacy and safety of treatment with cefuroxime-sulbactam compared with amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (co-amoxiclav) in patients with lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs). The study enrolled 75 adult in-patients with moderate to severe LRTIs...

[Will intracameral cefuroxime become the new standard in endophthalmitis prevention?] [2008.11]
BACKGROUND: Several studies investigating the antibiotic prophylaxis of acute postoperative endophthalmitis provide very different results concerning the incidence and prophylaxis of this very severe complication of cataract surgery. For a long time the preoperative use of povidione-iodine had been the only procedure with overall acceptance and proven benefit. Following findings in Sweden that supported the advantages of the use of intracameral cefuroxime, the European Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgeons (ESCRS) performed a study to confirm the Swedish results and to lead to a revision of ESCRS guidelines... CONCLUSION: Intracameral injection of cefuroxime reduces the risk of postoperative infectious endophthalmitis following phacoemulsification cataract surgery. Additional risk factors are the use of CCI and silicon based IOL implants.

A randomized study of sequential intravenous/oral moxifloxacin in comparison to sequential intravenous ceftriaxone/oral cefuroxime axetil in patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia. [2007.12]
BACKGROUND: Empiric treatment of hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) should be focused on the suspected pathogens. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of moxifloxacin vs ceftriaxone in patients with HAP without risk of infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other non-fermentative Gram-negative bacteria... CONCLUSION: Moxifloxacin IV/oral can be considered as a possible alternative for the antibiotic treatment of patients with mild-to-moderate nosocomial pneumonia without risk factors for highly resistant microorganisms.

The value of chemoprophylaxis against Enterococcus species in elective cholecystectomy: a randomized study of cefuroxime vs ampicillin-sulbactam. [2006.12]
HYPOTHESIS: Cephalosporins are widely used and considered to be effective as prophylaxis in biliary surgery. Nevertheless, they lack activity against enterococci. We conducted a study to compare the efficacy of ampicillin-sulbactam vs cefuroxime in preventing surgical site infections following elective cholecystectomy... CONCLUSIONS: A single dose of ampicillin-sulbactam favored better compared with cefuroxime for prevention of postoperative surgical site infections due to Enterococcus species after elective cholecystectomy. Ampicillin-sulbactam may be a better agent for antimicrobial prophylaxis in high-risk patients undergoing elective cholecystectomy, especially in a setting where the incidence of enterococcal infections is higher.

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Clinical Trials Related to Cefuroxime Injection

Ampicillin/Sulbactam Versus Cefuroxime as Antimicrobial Prophylaxis for Cesarean Section [Completed]
The efficacy and safety of a single dose of ampicillin/sulbactam compared to a single dose of cefuroxime at cord clamp for prevention of postcesarean infectious morbidity has not been assessed. Women scheduled for cesarean delivery were randomized to receive a single dose of either 3g of ampicillin-sulbactam or 1. 5g of cefuroxime intravenously, after umbilical cord clamping. An evaluation for development of postoperative infections and risk factor analysis was performed.

Pharmacokinetics of Small Spectrum Beta-lactam Antibiotics (Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid and Cefuroxime) in Patients on Intensive Care Units [Recruiting]
Adequate antibiotic therapy is very important in the treatment of infections. Spectrum and dosing of the antibiotics are two factors of the therapy: the spectrum of an antibiotic can't be changed, but the dosing scheme can be optimized. Recent studies proved that an optimized dosing scheme can improve the efficacy of the treatment. Broad-spectrum antibiotics have unpredictable pharmacokinetics in patients on intensive care units. This is due to the pathophysiologic processes in the patients on intensive care units: increased distribution volume, hypoproteinemia, organ failureā€¦ The investigators guess that similar processes influence the pharmacokinetics of small spectrum antibiotics (like amoxicillin and cefuroxime), but data lacks. Because the pharmacokinetics of broad spectrum antibiotics in seriously ill patients are better known, physicians are more confident prescribing these drugs. Studying the pharmacokinetic interactions of small spectrum antibiotics in seriously ill patients, can help to give the physician the confidence to prescribe these small-spectrum antibiotics. In this study, the investigators will study the pharmacokinetics of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and cefuroxime, in 60 patients on intensive care. 8 blood samples will be drawn via a central catheter on different moments after one administration of the antibiotic in the steady state phase. All the patients are prescribed the antibiotics for the treatment of their infections: they get the antibiotic therapy anyway. By measuring the concentrations on different moments after one administration, the investigators can reconstruct the pharmacokinetic function.

Comparison of Doxycycline and Cefuroxime Axetil for Treatment of Erythema Migrans: Clinical and Microbiological Outcome [Completed]
Background:

- While doxycycline is a standard antibiotic for treatment of erythema migrans in Europe

as well as in the USA, the effectiveness of cefuroxime axetil in the treatment of adult patients with erythema migrans has been assessed only in the USA where the causative agent of Lyme disease is Borrelia burgdorferi, but not in Europe where the main etiologic agents are B. afzelii and B. garinii.

- Controversy exists over the significance and even the existence of post-Lyme disease

symptoms because of the high rate of similar background symptoms in the general population. Purpose: The two main purposes of this European, prospective clinical trial in which doxycycline and cefuroxime axetil are compared in the treatment of adult patients with erythema migrans and which included a control group to address the significance of post-Lyme disease symptoms are:

- To assess and compare the effectiveness of doxycycline and cefuroxime axetil in the

treatment of erythema migrans using clinical and bacteriological criteria (noninferiority testing approach), and

- to compare the frequency of post-Lyme disease symptoms in adult patients treated for EM

with antibiotics and the frequency of similar symptoms in control subjects without Lyme disease.

Study of the Efficacy of Preoperative Cefuroxime Prophylaxis to Prevent Surgical Site Infection in Herniated Disk Surgery [Completed]
The purpose of the study is to determine whether a single, pre-operative dose of cefuroxime is effective in preventing surgical site infection in patients undergoing surgery for herniated disk

An Open, Prospective, Randomized, Multicenter Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Intravenous Followed by Oral Azithromycin Versus Cefuroxime Alone or With Oral Erythromycin for the Treatment of Chinese Patients Who Were Hospitalized for Pneumonia [Completed]
To validate the efficacy and safety of azithromycin for the treatment of Chinese patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), compared with cefuroxime or the combination of cefuroxime plus oral erythromycin.

more trials >>


Page last updated: 2010-10-05

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