SUMMARY
Cyclophosphamide is a synthetic antineoplastic drug chemically related to the nitrogen mustards.
Cyclophosphamide is indicated for the following:
Malignant Diseases
Cyclophosphamide tablets, although effective alone in susceptible malignancies, are more frequently used concurrently or sequentially with other antineoplastic drugs. The following malignancies are often susceptible to cyclophosphamide treatment:
- Malignant lymphomas (Stages III and IV of the Ann Arbor staging system), Hodgkins disease, lyphocytic lymphoma (nodular or diffuse), mixed-cell type lymphoma, histiocytic lymphoma, Burkitts lymphoma.
- Multiple myeloma.
- Leukemias: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia, chronic granulocytic leukemia (it is usually ineffective in acute blastic crisis), acute myelogenous and monocytic leukemia; acute lymphoblastic (stem-cell) leukemia in children (cyclophosphamide given during remission is effective in prolonging its duration).
- Mycosis fungoides (advanced disease).
- Neuroblastoma (disseminated disease).
- Adenocarcinoma of the ovary.
- Retinoblastoma.
- Carcinoma of the breast.
Nonmalignant Disease
Biopsy Proven Minimal Change Nephrotic Syndrome in Children
Cyclophosphamide tablets are useful in carefully selected cases of biopsy proven minimal change nephrotic syndrome in children but should not be used as primary therapy. In children whose disease fails to respond adequately to appropriate adrenocorticosteroid therapy or in whom the adrenocorticosteroid therapy produces or threatens to produce intolerable side effects, cyclophosphamide may induce a remission. Cyclophosphamide is not indicated for the nephrotic syndrome in adults or for any other renal disease.
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NEWS HIGHLIGHTS
Published Studies Related to Cyclophosphamide
Comparison of high and low dose of cyclophosphamide in lupus nephritis patients: a long-term randomized controlled trial. [2011.09]
To evaluate the outcome of low doses of cyclophosphamide (Cyclo) therapy in lupus nephritis (LN) patients, we studied 117 biopsy-proven, de novo LN WHO class IV patients double-blinded and randomized in December 1997 to receive Cyclo in different doses; Group I (n=73) received Cyclo 10 mg/kg monthly for six months then every two months for 12 months...
Autologous non-myeloablative haemopoietic stem-cell transplantation compared with pulse cyclophosphamide once per month for systemic sclerosis (ASSIST): an open-label, randomised phase 2 trial. [2011.08.06]
BACKGROUND: Non-randomised studies of haemopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) in systemic sclerosis have shown improvements in lung function and skin flexibility but high treatment-related mortality. We aimed to assess safety and efficacy of autologous non-myeloablative HSCT in a phase 2 trial compared with the standard of care, cyclophosphamide... INTERPRETATION: Non-myeloablative autologous HSCT improves skin and pulmonary function in patients with systemic sclerosis for up to 2 years and is preferable to the current standard of care, but longer follow-up is needed. FUNDING: None. Copyright (c) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Cyclophosphamide, thalidomide, and dexamethasone (CTD) as initial therapy for patients with multiple myeloma unsuitable for autologous transplantation. [2011.08.04]
As part of the randomized MRC Myeloma IX trial, we compared an attenuated regimen of cyclophosphamide, thalidomide, and dexamethasone (CTDa; n = 426) with melphalan and prednisolone (MP; n = 423) in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma ineligible for autologous stem-cell transplantation...
Randomized multicenter trial of the effects of melanoma-associated helper peptides and cyclophosphamide on the immunogenicity of a multipeptide melanoma vaccine. [2011.07.20]
PURPOSE: This multicenter randomized trial was designed to test whether melanoma-associated helper peptides augment CD8(+) T-cell responses to a melanoma vaccine and whether cyclophosphamide (CY) pretreatment augments CD4(+) or CD8(+) T-cell responses to that vaccine... CONCLUSION: Melanoma-associated helper peptides paradoxically decreased CD8(+) T-cell responses to a melanoma vaccine (P < .001), and CY pretreatment had no immunologic or clinical effect. Prior work showed immunologic and clinical activity of 6MHP alone. Possible explanations for negative effects on CD8 responses include modulation of homing receptor expression or induction of antigen-specific regulatory T cells.
Prospective randomized trial of 5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide (FAC) versus paclitaxel and FAC (TFAC) in patients with operable breast cancer: impact of taxane chemotherapy on locoregional control. [2011.07]
A previous randomized trial (CALGB 9344/Intergroup 0148) compared four cycles of adjuvant doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide (AC) to four cycles of AC plus four cycles of paclitaxel (AC + T) and demonstrated that the addition of paclitaxel improved locoregional control (LRC) in patients with node-positive breast cancer...
Clinical Trials Related to Cyclophosphamide
Cyclophosphamide for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilization in Patients With a Hematologic Malignancy [Recruiting]
No prospective randomized trials have evaluated the most efficacious dose of
cyclophosphamide to mobilize autologous stem cells. We previously demonstrated that the
time to collection of autologous hematopoietic stem cells is 10-12 days following the one
dose of cyclophosphamide and daily G-CSF (granulocyte-colony stimulating factor).9 This
prospective randomized trial is designed to determine if a lower dose of cyclophosphamide
(1. 5 gm/m2) will be as efficacious as the intermediate dose (3 gm/m2), based on cell number
collected, number of apheresis required and resource utilization.
Dose Escalation Study of Cyclophosphamide in HIV-Infected Subjects on HAART Receiving SB-728-T [Recruiting]
A Trial of Dasatinib (PDGFR and SRC Inhibitor), Temsirolimus and Cyclophosphamide in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors [Not yet recruiting]
The goal of this clinical research study is to find the highest tolerable dose of the
combination of dasatinib, cyclophosphamide, and temsirolimus that can be given to patients
with advanced solid tumors. The safety of this drug combination will be studied. As
secondary aim the study will evaluate treatment response to this combination and biological
markers.
High-dose Cyclophosphamide for Severe Refractory Crohn Disease [Recruiting]
This research is being done to see if people with Crohn's disease who receive high-dose
cyclophosphamide have an improvement of their disease, how long the benefit may last, and
how safe cyclophosphamide is. This study is for patient with medically refractory disease
that is not easily amenable to surgery.
Cyclophosphamide is an FDA-approved chemotherapy medication that is also frequently used to
treat autoimmune illness; use of cyclophosphamide for autoimmune disease is not approved by
the FDA. An autoimmune illness is when the immune system mistakenly attacks self, targeting
the cells, tissues, and organs of a person's own body. There are many different autoimmune
diseases and they can each affect the body is different ways. Crohn's disease is an
autoimmune disease that primarily affects the small and large intestines. High
dose-cyclophosphamide has been successfully used to treat Crohn's, primarily as part of a
conditioning regimen for autologous stem cell transplantation. However, this therapy is
limited in Crohn's because of it's serious infectious risks. This current study involves
using high-dose cyclophosphamide without need for stem cell transplantation. This appears
to be a safer approach in other autoimmune illnesses that have been studied.
Clofarabine and Cyclophosphamide Combination in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Patients [Completed]
The goal of this clinical research study is to find the highest tolerable dose of the drugs
clofarabine and cyclophosphamide that can be given together in the treatment of relapsed or
refractory ALL. The safety of the combination treatment will also be studied.
Objectives:
Phase I:
1. To establish toxicities and safety of the proposed combination
2. To establish the dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) and maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of the
combination to proceed with the phase II part of the study
Phase II:
3. To establish the efficacy (complete and overall response) of the proposed combination.
4. To analyze pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) properties of clofarabine as
well as the impact on DNA repair of leukemic blasts with the proposed combination.
Reports of Suspected Cyclophosphamide Side Effects
Febrile Neutropenia (521),
Neutropenia (401),
Pyrexia (278),
Infection (257),
Pneumonia (246),
Anaemia (235),
Death (204),
Thrombocytopenia (204),
Sepsis (196),
Nausea (171), more >>
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Page last updated: 2011-12-09
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