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Enflurane (Enflurane) - Summary

 
 



ENFLURANE SUMMARY


Enflurane, USP, a nonflammable liquid administered by vaporizing, is a general inhalation anesthetic drug.

Enflurane (ENFLURANE) is indicated for the following:


Enflurane may be used for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. Enflurane may be used to provide analgesia for vaginal delivery. Low concentrations of enflurane (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION) may also be used to supplement other general anesthetic agents during delivery by Cesarean section. Higher concentrations of enflurane may produce uterine relaxation and an increase in uterine bleeding
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NEWS HIGHLIGHTS

Published Studies Related to Enflurane

Comparison of effects of anaesthesia with desflurane and enflurane on liver function. [2009.01]
INTRODUCTION: Although most general anaesthesia procedures are performed without any complications, volatile agents may have adverse effects on various living systems. This study aimed to compare the effects of desflurane and enflurane on liver function... CONCLUSION: Subclinical hepatic injury after anaesthesia continues to be an issue of interest, particularly with the development of new, more sensitive methods of measuring GST levels. The increase in GST concentration after anaesthesia is thought to be a result of reduced hepatic blood flow. This study has shown that desflurane has fewer effects than enflurane on liver function tests in lengthy operations of up to 330 minutes.

The effect on the recovery profile of a change from enflurane to desflurane during the latter part of anaesthesia. [2008.09]
This study compared emergence and recovery characteristics after either enflurane anaesthesia or crossover from enflurane to desflurane anaesthesia. At an estimated 1 h prior to the end of operation, enflurane was either reduced (group E, n = 23) or replaced with desflurane (group X, n = 23)... We conclude that, during surgery, the substitution of enflurane with desflurane in the latter part of anaesthesia can improve recovery.

Myocardial metabolism altered by ischemic preconditioning and enflurane in off-pump coronary artery surgery. [2008.06]
OBJECTIVE: During off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) surgery, the heart is subjected to ischemia and reperfusion. The authors hypothesized that the volatile anesthetics are as effective as ischemic preconditioning (IPC) in preserving myocardial function during off-pump cardiac surgery, and this effect is because of multiple mechanisms of action. Therefore, the effects of enflurane with its calcium inhibition and antioxidative properties were compared with mechanical IPC in preserving myocardial cellular markers... CONCLUSIONS: Coronary occlusion during OPCAB surgery results in increased production of ischemia-related metabolic products. The application of methods such as IPC or volatile anesthesia appears to reduce the metabolic deficit, free-radical production, and physiologic changes.

Enflurane requirement for blocking adrenergic responses to incision in infants and children. [2008.02]
BACKGROUND: Enflurane is one of the most commonly used inhaled anesthetics in China, but its requirement to block adrenergic responses after skin incision in pediatric patients is still unknown. This study was to determine the minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration (MAC) of potent inhaled anesthetics required to blunt the adrenergic response to skin incision of enflurane (MACBAR) in infants and children... CONCLUSIONS: MACBAR of enflurane in infants older than 6 months is similar to that in young children. The MACBAR of enflurane decreases with co-administration of fentanyl in the pediatric population.

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Clinical Trials Related to Enflurane

Vasodilation Effect of Inhalational Anesthetics [Completed]
Previous studies on animals suggest that inhalational anesthetics can reduce vascular tension in vitro resulting in vasodilation and decrease in blood pressure. This role for inhalational anesthetics has essential clinical implications such as the condition of sepsis or septic shock or other shock-associated states during which the blood vessel constricts strongly and leads to circulation dysfunction. The vasodilation property of these anesthetics including halothane, isoflurane, sevoflurane, desflurane and enflurane enables them to be better options than other general anesthetics in many clinical conditions needing the vasculature to be dilated. The investigators hypothesized that these inhalational anesthetics can evoke vasodilation measured with ultrasonography during general anesthesia in vivo as the in vitro studies displayed.

Desflurane and Its Effect on Postoperative Morbidity and Mortality in Patients Undergoing Thoracic Surgery [Completed]
Desflurane and its effect on postoperative morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing thoracic surgery. Halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, sevoflurane, and desflurane are volatile anesthetics, a group of general anesthetics. Because of the hypnotic effects of these agents, attention has mainly focused on the central nervous system. In the last 10 years, however, numerous studies have reported that volatile anesthetic agents interact with membrane structures of the myocardium and thereby attenuate cardiac mechanical dysfunction and limit ultrastructural abnormality on reperfusion after prolonged ischemia in the myocyte. Anesthetic-induced preconditioning has become a main topic in cardiac research worldwide

- Trial with medicinal product

Sevoflurane and Isoflurane - During Cardiopulmonary Bypass With the MECC System (Minimized Extracorporeal Circuit) [Completed]
The use of volatile anesthetics in cardiac anesthesia is very common, because of their cardioprotective effects and their ability to ensure a sufficient depth of anesthesia. In line with the development of fast track concepts in cardiac anesthesia, volatile anesthetics are widely used to avoid a delayed recovery from cardiac surgery and anesthesia. Volatile anesthetics are delivered from calibrated vaporizers in the anesthesia machine or the cardiopulmonary bypass machine (during extracorporeal circulation). Isoflurane and Sevoflurane are the most commonly used volatile anesthetics in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The vaporizer of the anesthetics is on the cardiopulmonary bypass machine and the volatile agent is blended with air and oxygen. Until now, the pharmacokinetics of halothane, enflurane, isoflurane and desflurane during CPB have been described. Sevoflurane might be of advantage because of additional myocardial protective effects during cardiac anesthesia and cardiopulmonary bypass. However, the pharmacokinetics of sevoflurane during CPB have not been investigated so far, although its being used at many hospitals. The investigators will conduct a randomized prospective study with either sevoflurane or isoflurane during cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. The study will help to answer the questions about the possible cardioprotective effects of the widely used volatile anesthetics and the hemodynamic stability during cardiopulmonary bypass. Knowing the pharmacokinetics of these drugs allows the anesthesiologist to titrate the volatile anesthetics more precise. The investigators hypothesizes that the maximal postoperative increase in troponin T will be smaller in the sevoflurane group than in the isoflurane group. The investigators hypothesizes that the total amount of noradrenaline needed during the entire period of cardiopulmonary bypass will be smaller in the sevoflurane group than in the isoflurane group. The investigators hypothesizes that kinetics of washin and washout at the CPB will be faster in the sevoflurane group than in the isoflurane group. The investigators hypothesizes that the time to extubation, respectively the length of stay in intensive care unit and hospital is shorter in the sevoflurane group than in the isoflurane group.

Local Anaesthetic Day-Care Haemorrhoidectomy Challenges Traditional Concepts - a Randomised Controlled Trial [Completed]
Background: Local anaesthetic day-care open haemorrhoidectomy (LH) is feasible, cheap and may be the cost-effective surgical approach to third degree haemorrhoids. This prospective randomised controlled trial compares patient's evaluation of LH with general anaesthetic day-care Park's modified Milligan-Morgan haemorrhoidectomy (GH). Methods: 41 patients with third degree haemorrhoids were randomised to LH (19 cases) and GH (22 cases). Demographics were comparable. Independent assessment (by a research nurse) and clinical evaluation ran parallel for 6 months. Outcome measures were average and expected pain scores for 10 days; satisfaction scores at 10 days, 6 weeks and 6 months. Secondary outcomes were journey time and cost in day surgery.

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Page last updated: 2010-10-05

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