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Ephedrine Injection (Ephedrine Sulfate) - Summary

 
 



SUMMARY

Ephedrine Sulfate Injection, USP is a sterile solution of 50 mg ephedrine sulfate in Water for Injection.

Ephedrine Sulfate Injection, USP is indicated in the treatment of allergic disorders, such as bronchial asthma The drug has long been used as a pressor agent, particularly during spinal anesthesia when hypotension frequently occurs. In Stokes-Adams syndrome with complete heart block, ephedrine has a value similar to that of epinephrine. It is indicated as a central nervous system stimulant in narcolepsy and depressive states. It is also used in myasthenia gravis.


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NEWS HIGHLIGHTS

Published Studies Related to Ephedrine Injection (Ephedrine)

The effect of combined ephedrine and lidocaine pretreatment on pain and hemodynamic changes due to propofol injection. [2011.06]
OBJECTIVES: Injection pain and hypotension are two main adverse effects of propofol that discourage uniform acceptation. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of ephedrine-lidocaine combination with lidocaine and ephedrine alone on injection pain and hemodynamic changes caused by propofol injection... CONCLUSION: Pretreatment with combination of small-dose ephedrine and lidocaine could reduce the incidence and intensity of propofol-induced pain and also result in more stable hemodynamic profile, but however, the combination of two drugs failed to work better in further reduction of pain. Copyright (c) 2011. Published by Elsevier B.V.

[Prophylaxis for hypotension during cesarean section under spinal anesthesia: a randomized trial comparing hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 to ephedrine]. [2011.01]
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Spinal anesthesia is the technique of choice for scheduled or emergency cesarean section, but the prevalence of hypotension is high in this setting. Our aim was to compare the efficacy of a colloid (6% hydroxyethyl starch [HES] 130/0.4) to ephedrine for preventing hypotension... CONCLUSIONS: HES 130/0.4 is as useful for hypotension prophylaxis as 5-mg or 10-mg intravenous doses of ephedrine. HES 130/0.4 might be a substitute for sympathomimetic agents if adverse effects are predicted or contraindications to the use of such drugs are present.

Comparison of intravenous ephedrine with phenylephrine for the maintenance of arterial blood pressure during elective caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia. [2010.03]
Hypotension is a major concern of the anaesthetists whenever subarachnoid block is performed especially in obstetric patients. Vasopressors have been shown to be more effective at limiting spinal hypotension than other treatment of hypotension like preloading and left uterine displacement...

The effects of intravenous ephedrine during spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery: a randomized controlled trial. [2009.10]
We designed a randomized, double-blinded study to determine the efficacy and safety of 0.5 mg/kg intravenous ephedrine for the prevention of hypotension during spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery. Patients were randomly allocated into two groups: ephedrine group (n=21) and control group (n=21)...

Admixture of ephedrine to offset side effects of propofol: a randomized, controlled trial. [2009.02]
STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine whether adding ephedrine to propofol is as effective as adding lidocaine at reducing injection pain, and its effects on hemodynamics... CONCLUSION: Adding 30 mg of ephedrine to 20 mL of 1% propofol is as effective as adding lidocaine in preventing injection pain, and it results in a more stable hemodynamic profile.

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Clinical Trials Related to Ephedrine Injection (Ephedrine)

Determination of the Optimal Dose of Ephedrine in Intraoperative Arterial Hypotension of Newborns and Infants up to 6 Months of Age. [Recruiting]
The incidence of arterial hypotension under general anesthesia using sevoflurane is particularly high in newborns and infants up to 6 months of age. A decrease of 20% of the initial mean blood pressure (mBP) is the definition of significant arterial hypotension in adults and children. In adults, intraoperative arterial hypotension is associated with an increase of intraoperative mortality and a certain neurological morbidity. In infants under 6 months of age, neurological disorders have been reported following general anesthesia. Neurotoxicity of hypnotics is often incriminated as should be the episodes of arterial hypotension. Current management of hypotension uses vascular filling with crystalloids and vasopressive amines in second intention. Dopamine is the most frequently used amine. Ephedrine can also be used. Ephedrine is particularly interesting because of its action on both α and β receptors and its mode of administration: one dose and peripheral access. Only one study is available in children from birth to adulthood; it demonstrates a lower hemodynamic response in infants than in adults, when administered a low dose of Ephedrine (0. 1 to 0. 2 mg/kg). A recent retrospective cohort suggests an under efficacy of low doses and the use of higher doses than those recommended. The primary objective is to determine the optimal dose of ephedrine (dose of ephedrine associated with a difference of proportion of newborns/infants in therapeutic success of 55%) compare to the reference dose of 0. 1mg/kg as a first line treatment of intraoperative arterial hypotension. Secondary objectives:

- Return to a mBP superior to 38mmHg post Ephedrine administration.

- To assess occurrence of hypoxemic events during anesthesia.

- To assess tolerance of ephedrine. One hundred and twenty newborn and infants up to 6

months of age will be recruited in 3 sites of the Rhone Alpes Auvergne area over 24 months.

The Effect of Combined Ephedrine and Lidocaine Pretreatment on Pain and Hemodynamic Changes Due to Propofol Injection [Completed]
Objectives: Injection pain and hypotension are two main adverse effects of propofol which distresses patient. The aim of this prospective double blind study was to compare the effect

of ephedrine - lidocaine combination with lidocaine and ephedrine on injection pain and

hemodynamic changes due to propofol induction. Methods: 165 adult patients, aged 20 to 60 yr, Patients were randomly allocated to one of 5 groups (33 patients per group): lidocaine 0. 5 mg/kg(L) ,ephedrine 30microgram/kg (E30),

ephedrine 70 microgram/kg(E70), lidocaine 0. 5mg/kg - ephedrine 30 microgram/kg(LE) or 2ml

saline (S) intravenously. After one minute propofol 2 mg/kg into a dorsal hand vein was injected. Face pain scale and verbal rating scale, arterial blood pressure and heart rate were recorded before induction, just before intubation, and one minute after intubation

Preoperative Ephedrine Attenuates the Hemodynamic Responses of Propofol During Valve Surgery: A Dose Dependent Study [Completed]
The prophylactic use of small doses of ephedrine may be effective in obtunding of the hypotension responses to propofol with minimal hemodynamic and ST segment changes. The investigators aimed to evaluate the effects of small doses of ephedrine on hemodynamic responses of propofol anesthesia for valve surgery. There is widespread interest in the use of propofol for the induction and maintenance of anesthesia for fast track cardiac surgery. However, its use for induction of anesthesia is often associated with a significant rate related transient hypotension for 5-10 minutes. This is mainly mediated with decrease in sympathetic activity with minor contribution of its direct vascular smooth muscle relaxation and direct negative inotropic effects. Ephedrine has demonstrated as a vasopressor drug for the treatment of hypotension in association with spinal and general anesthesia. Prophylactic use of high doses of ephedrine [10-30 mg] was effective in obtunding the hypotensive response to propofol with associated marked tachycardia. However, the use of smaller doses (0. 1-0. 2 mg/kg) was successfully attenuated, but not abolished, the decrease in blood pressure with transient increase in heart rate. This vasopressor effect is mostly mediated by β-stimulation rather than α-stimulation and also indirectly by releasing endogenous norepinephrine from sympathetic nerves. Because the effect of decreasing the dose of ephedrine from 0. 1 to 0. 07 mg/kg may be clinically insignificant, the investigators postulated that the prophylactic use of small dose of ephedrine may prevent propofol-induced hypotension after induction of anesthesia for valve surgery with minimal in hemodynamic, ST segment, and troponin I changes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of pre-induction administration of 0. 07, 0. 1, 0. 15 mg/kg of ephedrine on heart rate (HR), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), central venous and pulmonary artery occlusion pressures (CVP and PAOP, respectively), cardiac (CI), stroke volume (SVI), systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance (SVRI and PVRI, respectively), left and right ventricular stroke work (LVSWI and RVSWI, respectively) indices, ST segment, and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) changes in the patients anesthetized with propofol-fentanyl for valve surgery.

The Effect of Leptin A-200, Caffeine/Ephedrine and Their Combination Upon Weight Loss and Body Composition in Man [Completed]
The purpose of this study is to compare three treatments to see which causes the most weight loss, fat loss, loss of stomach fat and improvement in blood tests like cholesterol.

Ephedrine vs. Nor Epinephrine Infusion in Preventing Hypotension After Spinal Anesthesia for Cesarean Section [Not yet recruiting]
The purpose of the study is to determine if norepinephrine is more effective as a continuous intravenous (IV) infusion compared to continuous IV ephedrine associated with crystalloid loading for maintaining blood pressure during a spinal anesthetic for a cesarean delivery. Prevention of low blood pressure has been shown to decrease nausea and vomiting during and after cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia. For elective cesarean delivery, all participants will receive spinal anesthesia with a local anesthetic and morphine. This study plans to enroll 120 pregnant women. Patients will be randomly assigned according to a computer generated system to be in one of two groups.

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Page last updated: 2011-12-09

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