Oxycodone (Oxycodone Hydrochloride) - Summary

OXYCODONE SUMMARY

Oxycodone hydrochloride tablets USP is an opioid analgesic.
Each tablet for oral administration contains 5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg, 20 mg or 30 mg of oxycodone hydrochloride USP.

Oxycodone hydrochloride is a white, odorless crystalline powder derived from the opium alkaloid, thebaine. Oxycodone hydrochloride dissolves in water (1 g in 6 to 7 mL) and is considered slightly soluble in alcohol (octanol water partition coefficient is 0.7).

Oxycodone hydrochloride tablets are an immediate-release oral formulation of oxycodone hydrochloride indicated for the management of moderate to severe pain where the use of an opioid analgesic is appropriate.

See all Oxycodone indications & dosage >>

NEWS HIGHLIGHTS

Media Articles Related to Oxycodone

The Opioid Crisis and Need for Compassion in Pain Management
Source: Medscape Anesthesiology Headlines [2017.09.28]
In this commentary, the author expresses concern that the response to the public health crisis of opioid addiction is creating a growing crisis of inadequate pain management.
American Journal of Public Health

CVS to Restrict Opioid Painkiller Prescription Amounts
Source: MedicineNet Drug Abuse Specialty [2017.09.25]
Title: CVS to Restrict Opioid Painkiller Prescription Amounts
Category: Health News
Created: 9/22/2017 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 9/25/2017 12:00:00 AM

Stomach Pain Quiz: Nausea & Other Causes
Source: MedicineNet Anal Fissure Specialty [2017.09.19]
Title: Stomach Pain Quiz: Nausea & Other Causes
Category: MedicineNet Quiz
Created: 1/20/2011 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 9/19/2017 5:59:56 PM

Back Pain Quiz: Test Your Back Pain IQ
Source: MedicineNet Ankylosing Spondylitis Specialty [2017.09.19]
Title: Back Pain Quiz: Test Your Back Pain IQ
Category: MedicineNet Quiz
Created: 6/16/2011 3:41:00 PM
Last Editorial Review: 9/19/2017 6:39:04 PM

Pain Quiz: Test Your IQ of Pain
Source: MedicineNet Constipation Specialty [2017.09.19]
Title: Pain Quiz: Test Your IQ of Pain
Category: MedicineNet Quiz
Created: 7/14/2011 3:53:00 PM
Last Editorial Review: 9/19/2017 6:41:41 PM

more news >>

Published Studies Related to Oxycodone

Comparison of subjective effects of extended-release versus immediate-release oxycodone/acetaminophen tablets in healthy nondependent recreational users of prescription opioids: a randomized trial. [2014]
[APAP]) formulation with those of immediate-release (IR) OC/APAP... CONCLUSIONS: Extended-release OC/APAP produced lower subjective drug effects than

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of oral oxycodone plus acetaminophen for the treatment of pain in photodynamic therapy on port wine stains. [2014]
efficacy and safety of an oral analgesic for the treatment of pain in PDT on PWS... CONCLUSIONS: The time of the pain beginning was 8.31 ± 4.58 min in

Safety and efficacy of once-daily hydromorphone extended-release versus twice-daily oxycodone hydrochloride controlled-release in chinese patients with cancer pain: a phase 3, randomized, double-blind, multicenter study. [2014]
Noninferiority of the efficacy of once-daily hydromorphone hydrochloride extended-release (hydromorphone ER) compared with twice-daily oxycodone hydrochloride controlled-release (oxycodone CR) was investigated in this randomized, double-blind study in Chinese patients with moderate to severe cancer pain requiring strong oral opioid analgesics.

Oral oxycodone plus intravenous acetaminophen versus intravenous morphine sulfate in acute bone fracture pain control: a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial. [2014]
control efforts efficacy and decrease the adverse effects of each medication... CONCLUSION: Intravenous acetaminophen plus oral oxycodone is as effective as

Bowel function after tapentadol and oxycodone immediate release (IR) treatment in patients with low back or osteoarthritis pain. [2013]
OBJECTIVES: Constipation is a common side effect of opioid therapy. Tapentadol immediate release (IR) was better tolerated than oxycodone IR in 2 clinical trials involving patients with low back or osteoarthritis pain... DISCUSSION: Patient-reported bowel function associated with tapentadol IR treatment was similar to that associated with placebo (10-d trial) and significantly better than that associated with oxycodone IR treatment (10- and 90-d trials).

more studies >>

Clinical Trials Related to Oxycodone

Early Postoperative Administration of Oxycodone +/- Naloxone and Duration of Epidural Analgesia [Not yet recruiting]
Cystectomy with urinary diversion (ileal conduit, ileal orthotopic neobladder, catheterizable ileal pouch) is major abdominal surgery, which is associated with a high incidence of gastrointestinal complications. Perioperative techniques aiming at an early return of bowel function are to be pursued. Optimal postoperative pain management is one of the key factors leading to enhanced recovery after surgery. The perioperative use of an epidural analgesia for major abdominal surgery is established, not only because of its excellent analgesic properties, but also because it can accelerate the return of bowel function. However, epidural analgesia is associated with additional costs, need for close monitoring and nursing. In addition each supplemental day with an indwelling epidural catheter increases the risk of infection. So it is recommended to re-assess the risk/benefit ratio of an epidural analgesia after 4 days, if not sooner. Therefore, it is important to develop strategies that reduce its duration without impairing the benefits. Systemic analgesics with prolonged-release oral formulation like oral oxycodone (Oxycontin®) or combined drug mixture (oral oxycodone/naloxone (Targin®)) could be a valuable alternative pain treatment as a second analgesic step, starting on postoperative day (POD) 3, so that the epidural catheter could be removed earlier without impairing postoperative enhanced recovery including return of the bowel function. Both oxycodone and naloxone orally administered are a recognized and accepted treatment option. The objective of this study is to evaluate the implementation of an oral opioid with or without naloxone in the early postoperative period in patients undergoing open radical cystectomy with urinary diversion and intraoperative and early postoperative use of epidural analgesia. The investigators expect an unchanged early return of the bowel function and equal analgesia with a reduced length of stay of the epidural catheter (primary endpoint), thus potentially reducing epidural catheter associated complications and lowering costs (nursing and pain service).

Pharmacokinetics And Relative Bioavailability Study Of Oxycodone [Completed]

Abuse Liability of Controlled-Release Oxycodone Formulations [Completed]
The objective of this study is to examine the abuse liability of a single 40mg dose of 2 controlled release oxycodone formulations (Apo-Oxycodone CR® and OxyNEO®) in non-dependent recreational opioid users by assessing the self-reported acute effects of the drugs and taking blood samples to measure drug concentrations. The investigators think there may be differences in how well these drugs are liked when swallowed whole due to differences in how the products are formulated.

Comparison of the Efficacy of Oral Oxycodone and Oral Codeine in the Treatment of Postcraniotomy Pain [Completed]
The efficacy of codeine is dependent on its demethylation to morphine. This extent of demethylation has wide inter-individual variability, making codeine's efficacy as a analgesic variable. Oxycodone is a semi-synthetic opioid and is a weak agonist on mu opioid receptors. Codeine has been the mainstay of analgesia for patients after craniotomy for many years. Traditionally, craniotomies were not thought to be very painful procedures, hence the use of codeine, a moderately potent opioid (when compared to morphine). However, in recent years, it has been found that up to 70% of post-craniotomy patients have moderate to severe pain and codeine did not provide adequate analgesic relief. Many studies have compared codeine to other drugs such as PCA morphine, fentanyl and tramadol, and patients on these stronger opioids generally had lower pain scores and better satisfaction. No study has been conducted to determine the efficacy of analgesia of oral oxycodone to oral codeine. Hence, the hypothesis is that oxycodone is more effective than codeine in providing pain relief in post-craniotomy patients.

Comparison of the Effects of Tapentadol and Oxycodone on Gastrointestinal and Colonic Transit in Humans [Completed]
Tapentadol is FDA approved for the treatment of moderate to severe acute pain. Due to the dual mechanism of action as an opioid agonist and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, there is potential for off label use in chronic pain. Tapentadol is a new molecular entity that is structurally similar to tramadol. Tapentadol is a centrally-acting analgesic with a dual mode of action as an agonist at the mu-opioid receptor and as a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor. These two actions are synergistic in pain relief. While its action reflects aspects of tramadol and morphine, its ability to control pain is more on the order of hydrocodone and oxycodone. Its dual mode of action provides analgesia at similar levels of more potent narcotic analgesics such as hydrocodone, oxycodone, and meperidine with a more tolerable side effect profile. Clinical studies showed that tapentadol effectively relieves moderate to severe pain in various pain care settings. In addition, it was reported to be associated with significantly fewer treatment discontinuations due to a significantly lower incidence of gastrointestinal-related adverse events compared with equivalent doses of oxycodone. The combination of these reduced treatment discontinuation rates and tapentadol efficacy for the relief of moderate to severe nociceptive and neuropathic pain may offer an improvement in pain therapy by increasing patient compliance with their treatment regimen.

more trials >>

PATIENT REVIEWS / RATINGS / COMMENTS

Oxycodone review by 49 year old female patient
		Rating
Overall rating:
Effectiveness:		Highly Effective
Side effects:		Mild Side Effects
		Treatment Info
Condition / reason:		Metastasized ovarian cancer/chemotherapy
Dosage & duration:		5 mg taken two to three times daily, as needed. for the period of One year; am still taking it.
Other conditions:		None
Other drugs taken:		Lorazepam 1 mg, 2x daily; occasional acetaminophen; Gemsar (chemotherapy); Carboplatinum (chemo).
		Reported Results
Benefits:		One year after diagnosis, surgery and beginning chemotherapy for stage IIIc ovarian cancer, I am working 35+ hours per week and living more or less normally while receiving biweekly chemotherapy treatments. Taking oxycodone makes all the difference in my quality of life, because it allows me to live without otherwise constant pain in my back, ribcage and belly. In the absence of this pain, my mobility/activity level is excellent, I can think and focus clearly, and I am free of the depression and frustration of what could be a debilitating illness.
Side effects:		Occasional fogginess if otherwise fatigued; otherwise, I am surprised at the absence of noticeable side effects.
Comments:		As I am aware of the addictive potential of narcotics/opioids, I have deliberately requested a continued low dose (5 mg) and have made a point of not increasing frequency to more than three tablets a day. During the week after chemo, I will sometimes experience a bit of breakthrough pain between doses, and will then take a low (325 mg) dose of acetaminophen.

Oxycodone review by 42 year old female patient
		Rating
Overall rating:
Effectiveness:		Highly Effective
Side effects:		Moderate Side Effects
		Treatment Info
Condition / reason:		post-surgical pain
Dosage & duration:		can't recall (dosage frequency: every 4 to 6 hours) for the period of 8 weeks
Other conditions:		none
Other drugs taken:		none
		Reported Results
Benefits:		immediate relief from acute, severe post-surgical spinal pain following three-level lumbar fusion. minimized discomfort so that i was ambulatory, which was a key factor in my recuperation (physical movement was encouraged)
Side effects:		severe constipation, only relieved by taking milk of magnesia on a daily basis.
Comments:		took oxycodone for two months every 4 to 6 hours for pain relief, then weaned down to propoxyphene

Oxycodone review by 43 year old female patient
		Rating
Overall rating:
Effectiveness:		Moderately Effective
Side effects:		Severe Side Effects
		Treatment Info
Condition / reason:		pain management
Dosage & duration:		10mg taken 3 times daily for the period of 2 yrs
Other conditions:		Degenerative disk disease (C2-C7, L5, S1), pinched nerves C5 & 6.
Other drugs taken:		Percocette, Toradol, Topamax, Gabapentin
		Reported Results
Benefits:		Initially the treatment benefits were -increased mobility/ activity level due to experiencing less pain - sleep ( was able to sleep longer while the medication was still active) - better mood (because of less pain)
Side effects:		The level of pain control quickly decreased (with the prescribed amount of medication(10 mg)) resulting in having to steadily increase the dosage for the same amount of pain relief. However the worst side effects were severe constipation(even while taking stool softeners/extra fiber, water, etc), depression, insomnia, weight loss, hair loss, muscle wasting, my skin became completely dehydrated and wrinkled. Became physically and mentally addicted to the medication, when I tried to reduce the dosage /stop taking the medication I experienced severe withdrawal symptoms (fever,chills, nausea, vomiting, severe bone muscle and joint pain) to name a few.
Comments:		I was in an MVA in 2002 in which I suffered a whiplash type injury which caused/accelerated the DDD. I was prescribed Percocette 5mg on an as needed basis for pain control. After 3 years (of constant agonizing pain)of being on the Percocette they became ineffective at relieving pain and I was referred to a PAIN CLINIC specializing in chronic pain. The doctors there decided that I had built up a tolerance/dependence on the Percocette and that it would be best to put me on a longer acting narcotic (Oxycontin 10mg,time released, supposed to provide pain relief for 12 hrs) with Percocette (Oxycodone 5mg/Acetaminophen 325 mg)for break through pain. In the beginning the medication seemed to help but over time I built up a tolerance to the Oxycodone(they became less effective) which meant I had to keep increasing the dosage to get the same amount of pain relief. For example I started out with Oxycontin 10mg/3x day and approx 3 Percocette/daily a couple of months later as my tolerance increased I had to take Oxycontin 20mg/3X day and 5-6 Percocette as the months passed by my tolerance grew and my dosage was increased. After about 8 months on the Oxycontin I started to experience all of the side effects mentioned above, not only did I notice the negative effects the drug was having on me but friends and family noticed too, and mentioned (not to me but amongst themselves) that my appearance/demeanor over the past 2 yrs had dramatically changed. A couple of months ago my Sister took me aside and asked me what was wrong to which I replied nothing why? She then explained to me how my behavior(depression, moodiness, etc.) and appearance(drastic weight loss) had been getting worse and worse and told me that she was worried. Being under the influence of these drugs for so long I felt like I was in a fog and really had no idea as to the extent of how bad it really was/ how I looked. So I stepped back and examined the last 4-5 yrs of my life while on these medications and realized that they had taken a considerable toll on me emotionally, physically, mentally. I strongly advise that before anyone decides to go this route for pain management that you have a long talk with your Physician on the pros and cons of this medication specifically the Oxycontin. If I would have known then what I know now about all the negative side effects I would never, never had started taking it. I feel that it deteriorated my body (especially my muscle mass and skin). When I started taking the medication I was 37 and felt 25 and was told I looked like I was in my late 20's, I am now 42, I feel 50 and now in an effort to spare my feelings people don't mention anything about how old I look . I wish that my Physicians would have told me about ALL of the negative effects of this medication instead of just the positive (which are few). In my opinion the negative far outweigh the positive. I'm still in constant pain but will continue to search for pain management without drugs. PLEASE USE WITH CAUTION!