Interactions Between HIV and Malaria in African Children
Information source: University of California, San Francisco
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on August 23, 2015 Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
Condition(s) targeted: Malaria; HIV Infections
Intervention: Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (Drug); Artemether-lumefantrine (Drug); Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Drug)
Phase: Phase 3
Status: Completed
Sponsored by: University of California, San Francisco Official(s) and/or principal investigator(s): Grant Dorsey, MD, PhD, Principal Investigator, Affiliation: University of California, San Francisco
Summary
This is a prospective cohort study where HIV-infected and uninfected children will be
enrolled between 6 weeks and 9 months of age and followed to the age of 21 months. All
HIV-infected children will be given trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) prophylaxis as
of 6 weeks of age. HIV-uninfected children born to HIV-infected mothers will be given
TMP/SMX prophylaxis for the duration of breastfeeding and then randomized to the
continuation of TMP/SMX or discontinuation of TMP/SMX prophylaxis. HIV-uninfected children
born to HIV-uninfected mothers will not be given TMP/SMX prophylaxis. Study participants
will be followed for all of their health care needs in a designated study clinic. All
mother-child pairs will receive a basic care package including insecticide-treated bednets
(ITNs) at enrollment. All HIV-infected mothers and children will receive antiretroviral
therapy if eligible according to standardized World Health Organization (WHO) criteria.
Study participants 4 months of age or older and at least 5 kg will be randomized to
treatment with artemether-lumefantrine (AL) or dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) at the
time of their first diagnosis of uncomplicated malaria. Study participants will receive the
same antimalarial treatment regimen for all future episodes of uncomplicated malaria. Study
participants less than 4 months of age or less than 5 kg diagnosed with malaria and all
episodes of complicated malaria will be treated with quinine in accordance with local
guidelines.
The investigators will test the hypotheses that:
1. TMP/SMX prophylaxis is highly effective in preventing malaria in both HIV-infected and
HIV-uninfected children
2. The use of TMP/SMX prophylaxis is associated with an increased risk of infection with
malaria parasites containing antifolate resistance-conferring mutations.
3. The use of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs is associated with a decreased incidence of
malaria.
4. The efficacy, safety, and tolerability of AL and DP for the treatment of uncomplicated
malaria differ.
In 2008, we received approval and funding to extend the trial until 2012. We are now
following all children through 5 years of age. First randomization to continue or
discontinue TMP/SMX prophylaxis in our HIV-exposed population occurs 6-8 weeks after
cessation of breastfeeding when HIV status can be confirmed as negative by DNA PCR. A
second randomization occurs at 2 years of age in our HIV-exposed participants. At that
point all HIV-exposed children who were originally randomized to continue TMP/SMX
prophylaxis are again randomized to either immediately discontinue TMP/SMX prophylaxis
or continue prophylaxis until age 4 years. All children will be off TMP/SMX between 4
and 5 years of age.
We have also added an additional hypothesis to test during the study extension:
5. Prolonged TMP/SMX prophylaxis will result in an increased incidence of malaria in
children in the year immediately following cessation of prophylaxis compared to
children who have not used prophylaxis for over a year and those who have never been on
prophylaxis.
Clinical Details
Official title: Interactions Between HIV and Malaria in African Children
Study design: Allocation: Randomized, Endpoint Classification: Safety/Efficacy Study, Intervention Model: Factorial Assignment, Masking: Open Label, Primary Purpose: Treatment
Primary outcome: Incidence of clinical episodes of malariaRisk of treatment failure at Day 28 defined as any early treatment failure or late clinical/parasitological failure adjusted and unadjusted by genotyping to distinguish recrudescence (treatment failure due to drug resistance) and new infections
Secondary outcome: Prevalence of mutations known to confer resistance to antifolate drugs in pretreatment samples from patients diagnosed with malariaRisk of adverse events
Eligibility
Minimum age: 6 Weeks.
Maximum age: 9 Months.
Gender(s): Both.
Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:
1. Age 6 weeks to 9 months
2. Documented HIV-1 status of mother and child
3. Agreement to come to the study clinic for any febrile episode or other illness
4. Agreement to avoid medications administered outside the study protocol
5. Guardian age 18 years or older (no age limit for parents)
6. Parent or guardian willing to provide informed consent
7. Residence within a 30 km radius of the study clinic
Exclusion Criteria:
1. HIV-exposed infants who have already stopped receiving TMP/SMX as a result of having
stopped breastfeeding and having been tested HIV-negative before screening
2. Intention to move more than 30 km from the study clinic during the follow-up period
3. History of allergy or sensitivity to AL or DP or TMP/SMX
4. Active medical problem requiring in-patient evaluation at the time of screening
Locations and Contacts
Tororo District Hospital, Tororo, Uganda
Additional Information
MU-UCSF Research Collaboration website
Starting date: August 2007
Last updated: October 9, 2013
|