Long Term Effects of Enalapril and Losartan on Genetic Heart Disease
Information source: National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (CC)
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on August 23, 2015 Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
Condition(s) targeted: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy; Left Ventricular Hypertrophy; Myocardial Ischemia
Intervention: Losartan (Drug)
Phase: N/A
Status: Completed
Sponsored by: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
Summary
The human heart is divided into four chambers. One of the four chambers, the left
ventricle, is the chamber mainly responsible for pumping blood out of the heart into
circulation. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetically inherited disease causing
an abnormal thickening of the heart muscle, especially the muscle making up the left
ventricle. When the left ventricle becomes abnormally large it is called left ventricular
hypertrophy (LVH). This condition can cause symptoms of chest pain, shortness of breath,
fatigue, and heart beat palpitations.
This study is designed to compare the ability of two drugs (enalapril and losartan) to
improve symptoms and heart function of patients diagnosed with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
(HCM).
Researchers have decided to compare these drugs because each one has been used to treat
patients with other diseases causing thickening of the heart muscle. In these other
conditions, enalapril and losartan have improved symptoms, decreased the thickness of heart
muscle, improved blood flow and supply to the heart muscle, and improved the pumping action
of the heart muscle.
In this study researchers will compare the effectiveness of enalapril and losartan when
given separately and together to patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM).
Clinical Details
Official title: Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of the Long Term Effects of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibition (Enalapril) and Angiotensin II Receptor Blockade (Losartan) on Genetically-Induced Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Non-Obstructive HCM
Study design: N/A
Detailed description:
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetic cardiac disease characterized by left
ventricular (LV) hypertrophy. There is often associated LV diastolic dysfunction and
myocardial ischemia. The severity of the LV hypertrophy, diastolic dysfunction, and
myocardial ischemia are important determinants of clinical outcomes. Angiotensin II
modulates cell growth and cardiac function. There is also increasing evidence that the
renin-angiotensin system (RAS) may be present in cardiac cells, and the hypertrophic action
of angiotensin II could therefore be mediated by circulating or locally produced hormone.
Animal and clinical studies have demonstrated that independent of their effects on systemic
blood pressure, ACE inhibition and angiotensin II receptor (AT1) blockade can reduce cardiac
hypertrophy, improve LV diastolic function and myocardial ischemia. AT1 blockade may be
preferable to ACE inhibitors because by inhibiting angiotensin II from binding to its
receptor, the system can be turned off irrespective of the source of angiotensin II. Also,
there may be fewer side effects due to lack of bradykinin. This is a double-blind,
placebo-controlled study that examines the abilities of enalapril (ACE inhibition) and
losartan (AT1 blockade), separately or in combination, to cause regression of the cardiac
hypertrophy, and to improve LV function and myocardial perfusion in non-obstructive HCM.
Eligibility
Minimum age: N/A.
Maximum age: N/A.
Gender(s): Both.
Criteria:
INCLUSION CRITERIA
HCM of either gender, aged 20-55 years.
Non-dilated LV (LVIDd less than 60 mm) with LV wall thickness of greater than or equal to
16 mm measured in any LV segment by NMR.
Non-obstructive HCM: A LV outflow gradient of less than or equal to 30 mm Hg gradient at
rest and less than or equal to 55 mm Hg following isoproterenol infusion to a heart rate
of greater than or equal to 120 beats per minute at cardiac catheterization.
New York Heart Association functional class I-III.
Patients who have participated in the previous toxicity study may be recruited for this
study, if they wish.
Patients who have previously taken an ACE inhibitor or losartan could only be included in
this study, if they have been off these drugs for a period of 6 months or longer.
EXCLUSION CRITERIA
Severe cardiac symptoms at rest (NYHA IV).
LV outflow tract gradient of greater than 30 mm Hg at rest or greater than 55 mm Hg
following isoproterenol infusion to a heart rate of greater than or equal to 120 beats per
minute at cardiac catheterization.
Systemic diseases (respiratory, neurologic, or locomotor) that prevent exercise testing,
echocardiography or NMR, MUGA, thallium studies, and cardiac catheterization.
Coronary artery disease (greater than 50% arterial luminal narrowing of a major epicardial
vessel) or congenital cardiovascular abnormalities (e. g. ASD, VSD, coronary anomalies).
Chronic atrial fibrillation.
Bleeding disorder (PTT greater than 35 sec, pro time greater than 14. 7 sec, platelet count
less than 154 k/mm3).
Anemia (Hb less than 12. 7 g/dl in males and less than 11. 0 g/dl in females); renal
impairment (BUN greater than 22 mg/dl and serum creatinine greater than 1. 4 mg/dl); K+
less than 3. 3 mmol/l or greater than 5. 1 mmol/l.
Hypertension: basal systolic and diastolic pressures of greater than 160 mm Hg or greater
than 95 mm Hg, respectively on two occasions separated by one hour of rest.
Hypotension: basal sitting systolic arterial pressure less than 100 mm Hg confirmed 30
minutes later.
Must have ability to estimate LV wall thickness.
Radiographic evidence of overt cardiac failure (pulmonary edema on chest X-ray).
Negative urine pregnancy test.
Pregnant or lactating female patients.
Diminished LV systolic function (resting or exercise LV ejection fractions estimated by
radionuclide angiography less than 50%).
Dependence on other cardioactive drugs such as diuretics, verapamil, B-blockers, or
antiarrhythmic drugs to control symptoms and arrhythmias.
Negative HIV test.
Sensitivity to ACE inhibitor e. g. angioedema.
Must have ability to set up an outpatient monitoring system.
Locations and Contacts
National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
Additional Information
Related publications: Epstein ND, Cohn GM, Cyran F, Fananapazir L. Differences in clinical expression of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy associated with two distinct mutations in the beta-myosin heavy chain gene. A 908Leu----Val mutation and a 403Arg----Gln mutation. Circulation. 1992 Aug;86(2):345-52. Fananapazir L, Epstein ND. Genotype-phenotype correlations in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Insights provided by comparisons of kindreds with distinct and identical beta-myosin heavy chain gene mutations. Circulation. 1994 Jan;89(1):22-32. Maron BJ, Bonow RO, Cannon RO 3rd, Leon MB, Epstein SE. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Interrelations of clinical manifestations, pathophysiology, and therapy (1). N Engl J Med. 1987 Mar 26;316(13):780-9. Review.
Starting date: September 1996
Last updated: March 3, 2008
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