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Safety Study of Nebulized Sodium Nitroprusside in Adult Acute Lung Injury

Information source: Mount Sinai Hospital, Canada
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on August 23, 2015
Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.

Condition(s) targeted: Acute Lung Injury; Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome; Sodium Nitroprusside; Hypoxia; Respiratory Failure

Intervention: Sodium Nitroprusside (Drug)

Phase: Phase 1

Status: Recruiting

Sponsored by: Mount Sinai Hospital, Canada

Official(s) and/or principal investigator(s):
Sangeeta Mehta, MD FRCPC, Principal Investigator, Affiliation: Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto
Terence Ip, MD, Principal Investigator, Affiliation: Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto

Overall contact:
Terence Ip, MD, Email: terence.ip@utoronto.ca

Summary

Acute lung injury (ALI) is caused by a wide variety of conditions, but always characterized by hypoxia and non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Current treatment of ALI is supportive and treatment of the underlying cause. New therapies to treat severe ALI have not been shown to improve survival, and are limited by financial and logistical resources. The investigators propose to investigate the role of inhaled sodium nitroprusside (iSNP) in ALI. Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) is a vasodilator. When inhaled, SNP may travel to areas of the lung participating in gas exchange, and cause the blood vessels surrounding these areas to enlarge. This may result in an increase of blood vessels to these areas of the lung, and improve oxygenation. Currently, iSNP has not been studied in the adult population. Therefore, this study is intended to find the safety profile of varying doses of iSNP.

Clinical Details

Official title: A Phase 1 Study: The Determination of the Maximum Tolerable Dosage of Nebulized Sodium Nitroprusside in Adult Acute Lung Injury

Study design: Endpoint Classification: Safety/Efficacy Study, Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment, Masking: Open Label, Primary Purpose: Treatment

Primary outcome: The maximum tolerable dosage of nebulized sodium nitroprusside. This will be determined by the 3 + 3 dose finding design.

Secondary outcome:

The change in measures of oxygenation (PaO2,SaO2,oxygenation index) during iSNP administration.

The change in heart rate (HR), mean blood pressure (MAP) during iSNP administration.

The presence or absence of lactate, and/or methemoglobin.

Detailed description: Acute lung injury (ALI) is a syndrome characterized by acute hypoxemic respiratory failure with bilateral pulmonary infiltrates that are not attributed to left atrial hypertension. ALI is responsible for significant mortality and morbidity in the critically ill population. Novel rescue therapies used to support oxygenation in severe ALI include inhaled nitric oxide and high frequency oscillatory ventilation; however, neither have been shown to reduce mortality and both are limited by logistical and financial challenges. Inhaled sodium nitroprusside (iSNP) is a vasodilator which causes local vasodilation of pulmonary capillaries surrounding functional alveoli, resulting in improved oxygenation by redistributing pulmonary blood flow to areas with better ventilation-perfusion ratios. As iSNP can be administered by a low-cost nebulizer and is relatively inexpensive compared to other novel rescue therapies, this modality may be an alternative therapy for patients with severe hypoxemia. Two pediatric studies support the use of iSNP in ALI; however, iSNP has not been studied in the adult ALI population. To determine whether iSNP can improve oxygenation in adult ALI, the maximum tolerable dose (MTD) must first be determined. Our study aims to determine the MTD of iSNP in adult ALI through an open-label, non-randomized, single centered, dose escalation study design, whereby subjects will receive iSNP for thirty minutes and have various physiologic variables recorded.

Eligibility

Minimum age: 18 Years. Maximum age: N/A. Gender(s): Both.

Criteria:

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Age ≥ 18 2. Negative β-hCG in women of child bearing age (age ≤ 50) 3. Developed ALI within past 72 hours:

- PaO2/FiO2 < 300;

- Bilateral infiltrates on CXR;

- No clinical evidence of elevated left atrial pressure ie. Heart failure as the

cause of hypoxia and bilateral infiltrates; and

- Recognized risk factor for ALI such as: pneumonia, aspiration pneumonitis, acute

pancreatitis, massive blood transfusion, or sepsis 4. FiO2 ≥ 0. 5 5. PEEP ≥ 8 cm H2O 6. Invasive arterial blood pressure line 7. Endotracheal intubation or tracheostomy 8. Conventional mechanical ventilation 9. Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) ≥ 65 mmHg with or without use of vasopressors (stable for at least more than 1 hour) 10. Arterial pH ≥ 7. 15 Exclusion Criteria: 1. Chest tube with active leak (eg. bronchopulmonary fistula), 2. Prone ventilation, inhaled nitric oxide, inhaled prostacyclin, high frequency oscillatory ventilation, 3. Lack of consent, 4. Untreated coarctation of aorta, symptomatic or severe/critical aortic stenosis as documented by echocardiogram or clinical history, 5. Evidence of increased intracranial pressure (eg. dilated pupils, known intracranial trauma or mass on head CT), 6. SpO2 <90%, 7. Contraindication to SNP i. e. hypersensitivity, congenital optic atrophy, tobacco amblyopia, 8. Active treatment with IV or transdermal nitroglycerin, 9. G6PD deficiency 10. CrCl < 30 ml/min or receiving renal replacement therapy, or 11. Total bilirubin > 68 µmol/L and AST or ALT level 2 times the upper limit of normal.

Locations and Contacts

Terence Ip, MD, Email: terence.ip@utoronto.ca

Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada; Recruiting
Terence Ip, MD, Principal Investigator
Sangeeta Mehta, MD FRCPC, Principal Investigator
Lisa Burry, PharmD, Sub-Investigator
Cynthia Harris, RRT, Sub-Investigator
John Traill, RRT, Sub-Investigator
Niall Ferguson, MD, FRCPC, Sub-Investigator
Additional Information

Starting date: May 2012
Last updated: June 12, 2012

Page last updated: August 23, 2015

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